The French global warming levels
The French global warming levels
Global Warming Levels (GWLs) offer a new and intuitive way to present and communicate climate change projections.
This approach links regional climate changes to specific levels of global warming, enabling users to explore how local climates will evolve under global temperature increases aligned with international policy goals such as the Paris Agreement.
By connecting regional and global projections, the GWL approach helps clearly characterize the local implications of global temperature change, essential for adaptation and long-term planning in France and Europe.
Updating standards and regulations: progressively adjusting technical standards in construction, transport, energy, and risk management.
Supporting local authorities: integrating TRACC projections into territorial and urban planning for resilient, climate-proof strategies.
Helping companies adapt: providing a scientific basis to assess climate vulnerabilities and build sector-specific adaptation plans.
At Hydroclimat, we bring scientific expertise and operational intelligence to the TRACC framework.
In-Depth Analysis & Climate ScoreOur experts analyze and enhance TRACC data by assigning a climate score to each indicator.
This score provides a clear, actionable assessment of climate risk exposure, tailored to each sector, territory, or asset.
Customized IndicatorsWe develop custom TRACC indicators tailored to your sector, territory, or asset.
These bespoke indicators enable precise climate risk assessment, reflecting local and sectoral characteristics.
This customization gives our clients decision-grade data aligned with national frameworks, ensuring effective risk management and climate adaptation planning.
FAST-TRACC, powered by Hydroclimat, provides decision-makers with reliable, high-resolution climate intelligence aligned with French and international adaptation frameworks, bridging science, policy, and operational action for a resilient future.
The TRACC includes 56 indicators covering 10 climate hazards relevant to sectors such as insurance, agriculture, energy, infrastructure, health, and local authorities. These indicators provide clear information on potential climate impacts and help guide effective adaptation strategies.
This TRACC indicator measures the average temperature in summer (June, July and August). Projections for 2050 predict a marked rise in summer temperatures, which will increase the frequency and intensity of heatwaves. This indicator is relevant to a wide range of uses and sectors, including infrastructure, agriculture, energy and water management.
It is a TRACC indicator that measures the average temperature in winter (December, January and February). It plays a key role in analyzing the hydrological cycle (snow, ice melt) and the risks associated with winter conditions. By 2050, projections indicate that snow cover in mid-mountain areas will have halved. This reduction will be a direct consequence of rising winter temperatures. This indicator is relevant to a wide range of uses and sectors, including infrastructure, agriculture, energy and water management.
This TRACC indicator measures the average temperature over a full year. It is essential for monitoring climate change, detecting warming trends and assessing their long-term impacts. Projections for 2050 indicate a significant rise in average temperature, with major consequences for water resources. This indicator is relevant to a wide range of uses and sectors, including infrastructure, agriculture, energy and water management.
This TRACC indicator measures the average temperature over a full year. It is essential for monitoring climate change, detecting warming trends and assessing their long-term impacts. Projections for 2050 indicate a significant rise in average temperature, with major consequences for water resources. This indicator is relevant to a wide range of uses and sectors, including infrastructure, agriculture, energy and water management.
This indicator measures the highest daily maximum temperature recorded in a year. It helps track extreme heat peaks, a direct reflection of climate warming and intensifying heatwaves. TRACC projections indicate a strong increase in annual maximum temperatures across France. By 2050, under a +2.7°C scenario, extreme values could rise by 2 to 4°C, with peaks regularly exceeding 40°C in southern France and gradually expanding northward. This indicator is essential for assessing the severity and frequency of heatwaves, anticipating impacts on public health, agriculture, and infrastructure, and guiding adaptation strategies for a hotter and more extreme climate.
This indicator measures the highest daily maximum temperature averaged over a 5-year period to smooth interannual variability. It helps track trends in extreme heat, a direct indicator of climate warming and intensifying heatwaves. TRACC projections show a marked increase in extreme maximum temperatures across France. By 2050, under a +2.7°C scenario, the most intense heat peaks could rise by 2 to 4°C, especially in southern and central France. This indicator is essential for assessing health, agricultural, and energy risks associated with extreme temperatures, anticipating the frequency and severity of heatwaves, and informing adaptation and resilience strategies.
This indicator measures the highest daily maximum temperature recorded during winter, smoothed over 5 years. It helps track warm winter episodes, revealing warming trends in the cold season. TRACC projections show that winters are becoming significantly milder, with increasingly frequent winter warm records, sometimes above 20°C in southern France. This indicator illustrates the decreasing temperature contrast between seasons, the impacts of winter warming on ecosystems and agricultural cycles, and the need to adapt practices to more variable and milder winters.
This indicator measures the highest daily maximum temperature recorded during summer, averaged over 5 years. It helps track the intensity and frequency of summer heatwaves, direct markers of climate warming. TRACC projections show a strong increase in summer maximum temperatures, with values frequently exceeding 40°C in southern France and expanding northward by 2050. This indicator highlights the intensification of heatwaves, major impacts on human health, agriculture, and water resources, and the need to adapt territories and infrastructure to hotter and more extreme summers.
This indicator measures the highest daily maximum temperature recorded during spring, averaged over 5 years. It helps track early-season heat events, often associated with anomalous thermal conditions. TRACC projections show a regular increase in spring heat peaks, with temperatures frequently exceeding 30°C as early as April or May in many regions. This indicator highlights the advancement of heatwaves into the early season, impacts on species phenology and crop yields, and the need to adapt agricultural practices to warmer and earlier springs.
This indicator measures the highest daily maximum temperature recorded during autumn, averaged over 5 years. It helps track late-season heat peaks, which are becoming more frequent in a warming climate. TRACC projections show a strong increase in autumn maximum temperatures, with records exceeding 35°C well into the season. This indicator is crucial for assessing the extension of the hot season, anticipating impacts on water resources, agricultural cycles, and biodiversity, and adapting land and resource management to hotter and drier autumns.
This indicator measures the average difference between daily maximum and minimum temperatures over a given period. It helps track changes in daily thermal variations, which reveal atmospheric stability and local thermal behavior. TRACC projections show a decreasing trend in mean thermal amplitude, particularly in coastal and urban areas where nights are warming faster than days. This evolution reflects a weakening of the day–night temperature contrast, linked to heat accumulation and changes in energy exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. This indicator is essential for analyzing changes in daily thermal cycles, assessing climatic comfort and health effects, and anticipating the impacts of warming on agriculture and biodiversity.
This indicator measures the largest difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperatures in a given day. It helps track the magnitude of daily thermal variability, reflecting atmospheric stability or instability. TRACC projections show a contrasted evolution of maximum thermal amplitude, with an increase in continental and semi-arid regions where hot, dry days are becoming more frequent, and a decrease in coastal and mountain regions due to reduced nighttime cooling. This indicator is essential for characterizing changes in local atmospheric dynamics, evaluating warming impacts on thermal comfort and agriculture, and understanding regional climatic contrasts and their evolution.
 Indicators |  Description |
|---|---|
| Average summer temperature | This TRACC indicator measures the average temperature in summer (June, July and August). Projections for 2050 predict a marked rise in summer temperatures, which will increase the frequency and intensity of heatwaves. This indicator is relevant to a wide range of uses and sectors, including infrastructure, agriculture, energy and water management. |
| Average winter temperature | It is a TRACC indicator that measures the average temperature in winter (December, January and February). It plays a key role in analyzing the hydrological cycle (snow, ice melt) and the risks associated with winter conditions. By 2050, projections indicate that snow cover in mid-mountain areas will have halved. This reduction will be a direct consequence of rising winter temperatures. This indicator is relevant to a wide range of uses and sectors, including infrastructure, agriculture, energy and water management. |
| Average annual temperature | This TRACC indicator measures the average temperature over a full year. It is essential for monitoring climate change, detecting warming trends and assessing their long-term impacts. Projections for 2050 indicate a significant rise in average temperature, with major consequences for water resources. This indicator is relevant to a wide range of uses and sectors, including infrastructure, agriculture, energy and water management. |
| Annual mean temperature | This TRACC indicator measures the average temperature over a full year. It is essential for monitoring climate change, detecting warming trends and assessing their long-term impacts. Projections for 2050 indicate a significant rise in average temperature, with major consequences for water resources. This indicator is relevant to a wide range of uses and sectors, including infrastructure, agriculture, energy and water management. |
| Annual maximum of daily maximum temperatures | This indicator measures the highest daily maximum temperature recorded in a year. It helps track extreme heat peaks, a direct reflection of climate warming and intensifying heatwaves. TRACC projections indicate a strong increase in annual maximum temperatures across France. By 2050, under a +2.7°C scenario, extreme values could rise by 2 to 4°C, with peaks regularly exceeding 40°C in southern France and gradually expanding northward. This indicator is essential for assessing the severity and frequency of heatwaves, anticipating impacts on public health, agriculture, and infrastructure, and guiding adaptation strategies for a hotter and more extreme climate. |
| Annual maximum of daily maximum temperatures (5-year running window) | This indicator measures the highest daily maximum temperature averaged over a 5-year period to smooth interannual variability. It helps track trends in extreme heat, a direct indicator of climate warming and intensifying heatwaves. TRACC projections show a marked increase in extreme maximum temperatures across France. By 2050, under a +2.7°C scenario, the most intense heat peaks could rise by 2 to 4°C, especially in southern and central France. This indicator is essential for assessing health, agricultural, and energy risks associated with extreme temperatures, anticipating the frequency and severity of heatwaves, and informing adaptation and resilience strategies. |
| Winter annual maximum of daily maximum temperatures | This indicator measures the highest daily maximum temperature recorded during winter, smoothed over 5 years. It helps track warm winter episodes, revealing warming trends in the cold season. TRACC projections show that winters are becoming significantly milder, with increasingly frequent winter warm records, sometimes above 20°C in southern France. This indicator illustrates the decreasing temperature contrast between seasons, the impacts of winter warming on ecosystems and agricultural cycles, and the need to adapt practices to more variable and milder winters. |
| Summer annual maximum of daily maximum temperatures | This indicator measures the highest daily maximum temperature recorded during summer, averaged over 5 years. It helps track the intensity and frequency of summer heatwaves, direct markers of climate warming. TRACC projections show a strong increase in summer maximum temperatures, with values frequently exceeding 40°C in southern France and expanding northward by 2050. This indicator highlights the intensification of heatwaves, major impacts on human health, agriculture, and water resources, and the need to adapt territories and infrastructure to hotter and more extreme summers. |
| Spring annual maximum of daily maximum temperatures | This indicator measures the highest daily maximum temperature recorded during spring, averaged over 5 years. It helps track early-season heat events, often associated with anomalous thermal conditions. TRACC projections show a regular increase in spring heat peaks, with temperatures frequently exceeding 30°C as early as April or May in many regions. This indicator highlights the advancement of heatwaves into the early season, impacts on species phenology and crop yields, and the need to adapt agricultural practices to warmer and earlier springs. |
| Autumn annual maximum of daily maximum temperatures | This indicator measures the highest daily maximum temperature recorded during autumn, averaged over 5 years. It helps track late-season heat peaks, which are becoming more frequent in a warming climate. TRACC projections show a strong increase in autumn maximum temperatures, with records exceeding 35°C well into the season. This indicator is crucial for assessing the extension of the hot season, anticipating impacts on water resources, agricultural cycles, and biodiversity, and adapting land and resource management to hotter and drier autumns. |
| Mean daily temperature amplitude | This indicator measures the average difference between daily maximum and minimum temperatures over a given period. It helps track changes in daily thermal variations, which reveal atmospheric stability and local thermal behavior. TRACC projections show a decreasing trend in mean thermal amplitude, particularly in coastal and urban areas where nights are warming faster than days. This evolution reflects a weakening of the day–night temperature contrast, linked to heat accumulation and changes in energy exchanges between the surface and the atmosphere. This indicator is essential for analyzing changes in daily thermal cycles, assessing climatic comfort and health effects, and anticipating the impacts of warming on agriculture and biodiversity. |
| Maximum daily temperature amplitude | This indicator measures the largest difference between the daily maximum and minimum temperatures in a given day. It helps track the magnitude of daily thermal variability, reflecting atmospheric stability or instability. TRACC projections show a contrasted evolution of maximum thermal amplitude, with an increase in continental and semi-arid regions where hot, dry days are becoming more frequent, and a decrease in coastal and mountain regions due to reduced nighttime cooling. This indicator is essential for characterizing changes in local atmospheric dynamics, evaluating warming impacts on thermal comfort and agriculture, and understanding regional climatic contrasts and their evolution. |
